cflYf{s
ljsf;,o'jf /f]hufl/, ;Defjgf / cj;/x?
ljsf; eg]sf] ultlzn
tyf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfly{s,;fdflhs,/fhg}lts,;fF:s[lts,k|zf;lgs,jftfj/0fLo,If]qdf
ePsf] ;s/fTds kl/jt{gsf] k|s[of xf] .cfd hgdf;df ePsf]
;'v;'lawf,/xg;xg,hLagz}nLdf cfPsf] kl/at{gsf] sbd xf] .ljsf;sf ljleGg
cawf/0ffx? ;fa{hlgs eO/x]sf 5g .s'g} klg If]qsf] lasf; ubf{ xfdL lbuf] ?kdf
;f]r,larf/ / ax; ug{ h?/L 5 .kof{a/0fLo cfjZostf,k[YaLsf] axg Ifdtf,k|fs[lts
;|f]tsf] pkof]u,h:tf ljleGGf s'/fx?df xfdLn] Wofg lbg ;Sof} eg] l6sfp / lbuf]
lasf; x'g ;S5 .jftfa/0f / lasf; Ps csf{df ;DjlGwt s'/f x'g .jftfa/0f lagf; u/]/
ul/Psf] lasf; nfO{ lbuf] lasf; dflgb}g . jftfa/0fdf ePsf s'g} klg kIfnfO{
xfgLgf]S;fgL gk'¥ofO{ ;/n / ;xh ?kdf ul/Psf] lasf; g} jt{dfg tyf eljZosf nflu
lgs} pkof]uL dflgG5 .
g]kfnsf] cfly{s lasf;sf] qmd Tolt nfdf] 5}g
./f0ffsfnsf r/d cfly{s zf]if0f kl//x]sf] a]nf hgklIfo cflYf{s lasf; ePsf] kfOb}g
.la=; @))& df /fhf / k|hfsf] ;Fo'tm k|of;af6 /f0ff zf;gsf] cGTo ul/
k|hftGqsf] ldld{/] ljxflg cfPkl5 cfly{s If]qdf s]lx ultlzntf cfPsf] cg'ea cfd
hgdf;n] ul//x]sf 5g\ .g]kfndf cfly{s ?kdf lasf;sf] ;'?jft eg] la=; @)!# df
ePsf] dflGfG5 .la=; @)!# kl5sf laleGGf lasf; lgdf0f{ sf laleGGf pb]Zo lgwf/0f
ul/of] .ef}lts k'jf{wf/lasf;,cflYf{s,;fdflhs ,s[lif,ko{6g ,;fF:s[lts,k|zf;lgs, jftfa/0fLo,
If]qdf nuflg a9fpg yflnof] .dflg;sf hLjg:t/df ;s/fTds kl/jt{g x'g] vfnsf laleGg
cfocfh{gsf sfdx? klg la:tf/ ul/of] .g]kfnh:tf cNkljsl;t /fi6|sf nflu oL pb]Zox?
cNkcjlwdf k'/f ug{ ;Dea gePklg cem};Dd lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]sf] kfOG5 .ef}uf]lns
ljs6tf,;':t lasf; ult,laBdfg ul/la,clzIff,cGwljZjf;,If]lqo c;Gt'ngsf] l:ylt Pj+
cfly{s r'gf}ltnfO{ b[li6ut ul/ ljsf; lgdf0f{sf sfo{df hf]8 ug{ ;lsof] eg]
cfly{s lasf; lta| ?kdf ;Dea 5 .
o'jfx? b]z
lasf;sf d]?b08 x'g .cfly{s,;fdflhs,/fhg}lts ;fF:s[lts, k|zf;lgs,jftfa/0fLo,lasf;sf
;+afxs x'g\ .s]lx gofF sfd u/f} eGg] hf]z o'jfx?df x'G5 . l;h{gzLntf,;fx;,pRr cfTdljZaf;
h:tf sf/0fx?n] o'jfzQmLnfO{ dxTjk'0f{ dflgG5 . ;fdfGotof g]kfndf !^ b]lv $)
aif{ pd]/ ;d'xnfO{ o'jf dflgPsf] 5 / of] ;+Vof s'n hg;+Vofsf] $) k|ltzt /x]sf]
5 .;dfhdf ;a}vfn] kl/at{g o'afx?af6 g} ;~rflnt 5g\ .oyfl:ytLnfO{ l5rf]Nb}
;dfhdf gofF b[li6 / lbzf ;~rfng ug{ sfd o'jfx?sf] xf] . ;du| If]qdf kl/kSj
o'sfx?af6 ePsf laleGg pklnJwx? w]/} 5g\ . lasf;sf] ult;Fu} o'afx? cfyL{s,
;fdflhs, k|flalws ?kdf ;Ifd x'g h?/L 5 . /fhg}lts :jfy{,hflto,e]luo,au{;+3if{,
h:tf laleGg ;d:ofx?af6 dfly p7]/ o'afx?n] ;dfhdf kl/at{gsf] lah /f]lk ;d[4 clg
;d'Ggt ga g]kfn lgdf0f{sf] cu|ultdf cu|;/ x'g' ckl/xfo{ 5 . o'afx?n] a[xt
;f]r,Pstf d]nldnfk,;xsfo{ af6 cuf8L a9]df lasf;sf sfd ;xh x'G5 . b]zdf ;sf/fTds
;f]r ePsf o'jfx? k|Zf:t} dfqfdf 5g\ t/ ;/sf/n] k|f]T;fxg ug'{sf] ;f6f] lg?T;fxg
ul//x]sf] 5 .h:t} DofUbL lhNnfsf o'af ;fdflhs
p3dL dxfjL/ k'gn] ;a} ufFpnfO{ OG6/g]6af6 hf]8\g ;kmn ePsf 5g\ .pgsf] of]
pkfon] ufFpd} nufgL leq\ofof] / k|lalw ufFpd} k'Uof] / cgL k|l;4 d]uf;f;]
k'/:sf/af6 ;DdfgLt eP . xfn;fn} pgn] /fli6o cflj:sf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf ub}5g\ . pgsf
of] cleofg sf nflu pgn] ;/sf/ ;dIf w]/} k6s ;xof]usf] nflu cfu|x u/] t/ ;/sf/n]
s'g} rf;f] b]vfPg . ;'rgf / k|lalwn] g} b]z zlStzfnL x'G5 eGg] alnof] OR5fzlSt
ePsf dxfjL/ clxn] cfd hGtfsf] 3/b}nf] af6 nfv} /sd ;+sng ul//x]sf 5g\ . laleGg
If]qsf o'afx?sf] k|ToIf ;fy tyf ;dy{g kfO/x]sf 5g\ .xfdLsxfF w]/} dxfla/x? 5g\
. s'g}a]nf dxfsla nIdLk|;fb b]asf]6fn] eg]em} xfd|f sof} ;]S;lko/x? kxf8df xnf]
hf]lt/x]sf 5g\ .xf] xfd|f sof} o'afx? a]/f]huf/Lsf] rk]6f df kl//x]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnaf6 a}b]lzs /f]hufl/sf nflu nfvf} o'jfx?
lab]zlt/ knfog eO/x]sf 5g\ .;Ifd / lzlIft o'afx? knfog x'bfF
c;Qm,jfnaflnsf,dlxnf,a'9fa'9L sf] e/df b]zn] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g .j}b]lzs /f]hufl/n]
g]kfndf l;ldt /]ld6fG; t leq\ofpnf t/ lbuf] tyf e/kbf]{ eg] sbflk x'g ;Sb}g
.To;}n] casf] lasNk eg]sf] o'afx?n] g} :ab]zdf s]lx l;{hgfTds,/rgfTds
/f]hufl/sf ca;/x? l;h{g ug'{ xf] .pwf]uwGbf,s[lif,ko{6g,hnlaw't,h:tf ljljw
If]qx?df nuflg a9fpg' kb{5 . o'afx?n] g]t[Ta lnO{ clzlIft a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{
/f]huf/L lbnfpg' kg]{ cfAfZostf b]lvG5 . cfly{s lasf;sf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf af]s]sf]
s[lif If]q a}1flgs,cfw'lgs tyf Aofa;flos x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .g]kfndf s[lif u0fgf
@)^* cg';f/ s'n 3/kl/jf/sf] sl/a #* nfv #! xhf/ 3/kl/af/ jf &! k|ltzt
hGf;+Vof s[lifdf lge{/ 5g\ t/ la8Dagf s[lif If]qdf nfu]sf dflg;x?sf] pTkfbSQa
Hofb} Go'g 5 .g]kfndf s[lif nfO{ Aofa;flos pBf]u sf ?kdf lng ;lsPsf] 5}g
.clxn];Ddsf] s[lif k|0ffln gfkmfd'lv eGbf lgj{fxd'lv k|s[ltsf] 5 . cfufdL lbgdf
;/sf/n] o'afx?nfO{ nlIft ul/ s[lif ;DaGwL laleGg gLtL tyf sfo{qmdx? h:t} s[lif
lzIffdf laz]if ;x'lnot,s[lif tflnd,;xh C0fsf] ;'ljwf,s[lif k/fdz{ / pTkfbgsf]
jhf/sf] Uof/]G6L ug{ ;s]df s[lif If]qdf a]]/f]huf/ o'jfx?nfO{ cfs{if0f ug{ ;xh
x'G5 .t;y{ k/Dk/fut lgjf{xd'lv s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ cfw'lgs,Aofj;flos,Pjd\
k|lt:kwf{Tds s[lif k|0fflndf ?kfGt/0f ul/ lbuf] lasf;sf dfWodaf6 hLjg:t/df
;'wf/ cfpg' h?/L 5 .
/fi6nfO{ ;d[4 agfpg] cfwf/x? w]/} 5g\ . k|o{6g lasf;
klg cfly{s lasf;sf] d]?b08 xf] .g]kfndf k|o{6g lasf; b[li6n] xfdL ;fd' ljleGg
;Defjgfx? 5g\ . k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tf,P]ltxfl;s wfld{s :yn,kof{ko{6g,;fF:s[lts
ljljwtf,s[lif ko{6g,o'4 ko{6g,nufot ax'cfofdLs If]qx? 5g\ . o:tf ljleGg ko{6lso
uGtJox? klxrfg,cWoog,cg';Gwfg ul/ k|rf/k|;f/ sf] cfjZostf b]lvG5 . g]kfndf ;f]r]cg';f/sf]
lasf;sf] ult lng ;s]sf] 5}g . ljZj sf] pRr lzv/ ;u/dfyf,zflGtsf cu|b't uf}td
j'4 sf] hGde"dL n'lDalg,klaq wflds :yn kz'kltgfy,ljleGg lgs'~h,gbLgfnf,snf
;:s[lt,h:tf w]/} ;Defjgfsf ljljw If]qx? 5g\ .ko{6sx?sf nflu plrt af:yfg,;]jf;'lawf,;'/Iff
h:tf laleGg s'/fx?sf] aGbf]a:t ldnfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g ,pgLx?n] rfx]sf] h:tf]
jftfa/0f ;[hgf ug{ ;s] g]kfndf lab]zL ko{6sx? lelqG5g / b]zn] cfly{s ?kdf d'xf/
km]5{ / b]zaf;Lsf] lhjg:t/ df klg cfly{s ?kdf kl/at{g x'G5 .To;}n] ko{6g If]qdf
nuflg ul/ Joa;flos/0f ug'{ h?/L 5 .
cfly{s
lasf;sf] dxTjk'0f{ v'8lsnf] eg]sf] pBf]u,hnlaw't klg xf] . :jb]zd} pTkfbg ePsf
sRrfkbfy{nfO{ :ab]zd} ePsf pBf]uwGbf k|of]udf Nofpbf :yfgLx?n] /f]huf/ kfpF5g .
pBf]un]x?n] :yfgLo :t/df pknAw ;|f]t ;fwgx?sf] clwStd k|of]u ug]{ ePsfn] rf}tkmL{
dflg;x?n] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x? k|fKt ug{ ;S5g . To;}n] laleGg 7fFpx?df
;fgf,demof}nf tyf 7'nf pBf]uwGbf ;Grfng ul/g' kb{5 . s[ifsn] pTkfbg u/]sf]
sRrfkbfy{ nfO{ :yfgLo :t/d} pBf]uwGbf k|of]udf Nofpbf xhf/f} :yfgLo o'afx?n]
/f]huf/ kfFp5g\ .b]zsf] cy{tGq k/lge{/ eO/x]sf] a]nf :ab]zL pBf]uwGbf n] klg
dxTjk"0f{ e'ldsf v]Ng ;S5g . To:t} n]kfn hn;|f]tsf] lx;fjn] ljZjsf]
bf];|f] wlgb]z xf] . t/ la8Dagf oxfF dfu cg';f/sf] kfgL pkof]u ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g
. lbgd} !^÷!& 306f nf]8;]l8ªsf] df/df k/L /x]sf 5f} . ;f]r] cg';f/sf]
hnljB't lgsfNg ;lsPsf] cj:yf 5}g . alu/x]sf] kfgLsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u u/L xhf/f}
o"jf o"jtLx¿nfO{ /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ ;[hgf u/L b]z nf]8;]l8ª d'Qm agfpg
;lsG5 . o;sf] nfuL k"hL nufgL u/Lg' kb{5 . cfly{s If]qdf cfly{s nufgL
a9fpg ;s]df pBf]u hnlaw't If]qn] l5§} ljsf;sf] km8\sf] dfg{ ;S5 . xfdLn]
hnljw'tdf nufgL u/L ljb]z lt/ ljB't lgof{t ug{ ;s] cfly{s ¿kdf lgs} alnof]
x'G5f} . xfdL anLof] x'g' eg]sf] b]z alnof] x'g' xf] . b]z cfly{s ?kdf alnof]
x'g' eg]sf] cfd dflg;sf] lhjg :t/ alnof] x'g' xf] .
cGtdf,
xfdL cfly{s ?kdf alnof] x'g' h?/L 5 . laleGGf ;Defjgfx?n] el/k"0f{
If]qx?df cfly{s nuflg ul/ :ab]zd} :a/f]huf/sf cj;/x? l;h{gf u/f},l;h{glzn
;f]r,hf]z,hfFu/ / l;k ePsf o'afx?nfO{ dnhn ul/ lasf;kydf cu|;/ u/fO{ ;d[4 ga
g]kfn lgdf0f{sf] sfo{lbzfdf nlDsg' h?l/ 5 . lasNk lagfsf] la/f]wn] ;do aaf{b
x'G5 .ca xfdL /fd|f] sfdsf] ;dLIff eGbf ljZjf;,l6sfl6KkgL eGbf k|z+;f ug{]
afgLsf] ljsf; x'g' h?/L 5 .xfdL;Fu ePsf] l;k,Ifdtf,nuflg sf] ;b'kof]u ub}
c?nfO{ klg cfslif{t ub}{ cl3 a9g'k5{ .o;af6 ;du| g]kfnsf] ;Defagfx?nfO{
vf]h,cWoog,cg';Gwfg ul/ ;d[l4df abNg ;lsG5 .
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